The Rise Of The Hippy Culture In 1960S Challenges The...

The rise of the hippy culture in 1960s challenges the cultural normativity of America. According to Blouin Shipley (2013) that, this hippy phenomena is an extension of human individualism. This has been the trend, not just in America but also in western Europe and people view this new formed group rather unique because it is deeply rooted in; â€Å"rock music, greater sexual freedom†¦.[and] drug culture among young people† (Risch 2005, p.566). According to Carrier (2011) that, by understanding post-modern deviant behaviour, it is unnecessary to use the old criteria in deviance and crime, as it will only lead to negative side-effects. Thus, new set of theory was formed to make sense on what was happening on 1960s and all fall under the†¦show more content†¦Besides the formation of the hippy culture in the 1960s, there are other events took place over the duration of the 60s, which challenges the legitimacy of the traditional explanation of crimes. While America was becoming more politically aware, this sets the Civil rights movement in motion. This reflects historically as â€Å"The civil rights movement is the great morality tale of modern America† (Scmidt 2016, p.179).Schmidt highlighted in his quote that, The civil rights movement unifies not just America but the rest of the countries for the common good and emphasizing equality. This links to Carrier (2011) idea of critical criminology deconstructs the nature of law, because the civil rights movement do such that and they fight back whenever a law becomes inconsistent or violates human rights. According to Rossi (2006) that, the events occurred during the 60s, made the young people especially university students more politically involve, to show society that their opinions also do matter. This kind of collective way of thinking will surely make some permanent changes in society. But, was the civil rights movement successful. According to Santoro (2015) that the civil rights†™ success was rather ambiguous and vague. This notion can be argued but with the effort of the civil rights movement, various laws were passed that reflects their cause (Santoro 2015).Show MoreRelatedEmerging From The Restrictive Culture Of The 1950 S Essay1765 Words   |  8 PagesEmerging from the restrictive culture of the 1950’s, the counterculture of the 1960s challenged the prescribed norms, roles and expectations of the previous generations that outcasted youth found restrictive and alienating. Baby Boomers retained the abstract goals of mainstream society; they sought individual freedom and opportunities for self-determination. But their vision of the American dream widened the traditional definitions of freedom to include bodily, psychological, and political freedomsRead MoreCounterculture - Research Paper3195 Words   |  13 Pagestrust in the system changed radically in the Sixties. Many of the numerous youth born during the post-WWII baby boom became teenagers who questioned the cultural values of their parents and refused to assimilate into the established social and moral system. They created their own counterculture that was in opposition to the established culture of their parents. â€Å"At their strongest, the movements of the Sixties amounted to an incomplete Reformation† (Gitlin 22). As Gitlin points out, this â€Å"Reformation†Read MoreCounterculture - Research Paper3180 Words   |  13 Pagesthis trust in the system changed radically in the Sixties. Many of the numerous youth born during the post-WWII baby boom became teenagers who questioned the cultural values of their parents and refused to assimilate into the established social and moral system. They created their own counterculture that was in opposition to the established culture of their parents. â€Å"At their strongest, the movements of the Sixties amounted to an incomplete Reformation† (Gitlin 22). As Gitlin points out, this â€Å"Reformation†Read MoreWhat The White Man Thinks Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pagesriots near a scale of war in the ghettos of at least a dozen major American cities (pg. 224) The Armies of the Night, which is a dazzling artifact to read, shows the way of life and attitudes at a conflict with the prevailing social norm of the late 1960 s but also an encounter of nonfiction in its own extreme experience. The short chapters each portrays the observations and experiences that were made by the author Mailer. Nature and characters that are talked about scene by scene are developed throughRead MoreDid the Impact of the Beatles Sgt Pepper Album Help Redefine Popular Music as a Culturally Significant Art Form?4164 Words   |  17 PagesSgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band is first and foremost the album that gave rise to hopes of progress in pop music (The Times, 29 May 1967) Did the impact of the Beatles Sgt Pepper album help redefine popular music as a culturally significant art form? Summary of Assignment Choose an artist from the period 1900-1970 and to examine their relationship to the cultural and social framework of their era with reference to an important or influential album. Introduction In this essay IRead MoreMusic And Social Movements Of The 1960s1793 Words   |  8 Pagessocial movements have been widely celebrated as two catalysts that can elevate the human condition by lifting spirits and undermining subordination† (Reds 10). The 1960s were a time in American history that by many can be described as chaotic. A time in history where folk music was revived, also called contemporary folk, and seeked to challenge the racial boundaries in America. A time in which Pop and Rock music were influenced by contemporary folk and revealed the discontent of the young American generationRead MoreMainstream Culture and Media after the World War II2846 Words   |  11 Pagescriticism of culture industry, where the standardization and commodification of cultural spheres became one of the major defects of the capitalistic system. The notion of class struggle shifted as well, to the clash of high and low cultural forms. Also known as authentic expression versus standardize d product of cultural industry. Most recently, the discourse has gone through another important metamorphosis that has made advertising industry and consumerism the main forces, shaping hegemonic culture of mainstreamRead MorePopular Culture at the Beginning of the 1960s Essay3766 Words   |  16 PagesPopular Culture at the Beginning of the 1960s The early 1960s was a period of time where standard of living was rising and there was more consumer goods to buy and people were on higher wages so could now afford luxury items which they would of never thought of buying. The 1960s was a period of great change, particularly in the younger generation of people. A good quote from the Prime Mister at the time sums up the early 60s in a way which many would agree with,Read MoreControversial Art1822 Words   |  8 Pagespublic in the works production by creating a situation of reciprocal interchange between artist and viewer. This was right in the middle of the sexual revolution with manuals coming out everywhere, sexual philosophers everpresent as well as the rise of the hippy and the gay rights movement. Moreover, censorship on filmic and pornographic materials was loosening up and so while many were outraged by this objectification of one would assume women, many were more happy to accept this as art. In 2008Read MoreCentral Challenges Of Community Development Theory And Practice2702 Words   |  11 Pages Identifying and investigating the structures of community power remains one of the central challenges of community development theory and practice. Researchers have long sought to understand and measure the distribution of power in organizations, local communities, nations and around the world. â€Å"†Societies are differentiated by nominal distinctions such as ethnicity or occupation, but are also differentiated by status gradations such as income or levels of education† (McVeigh, 1995). Many communities

Depression And Sadness Of Depression - 1423 Words

Taylor Neighbors Winters English 1301.91 11 November 2015 Depression and Sadness Imagine you are in the middle of a monumental ocean surrounded by heavy, crashing waves. (TS) The sky is black, and the water is cold. Suddenly, the current pulls you under and you forget how to swim. You are desperately gasping for air, fighting the current, but you continue to sink uncontrollably. You scream and with every ounce of the little breath left in your lungs, but nobody hears you; nobody saves you. Your body is tired and achy, and you are not physically or mentally able to continue fighting the current. So, you slowly stop kicking and screaming, and allow yourself to float to the bottom of the ocean. This is more than just detailed imagery. This is how tens of millions of people across the world feel when experiencing depression. Many people confuse sadness with depression. Although depression is often thought of as being an extreme state of sadness, there is a vast difference between the two. One who has never experienced depression, or had a family member diagnosed, may not fully understand the vast difference. There is harsh stigma of depression, which must be broken. The only way is to spread awareness of this illness and distinguish the difference between depression and sadness. Depression and sadness are very different due to the medical terminology and the time frame in which it lasts. (Thesis) To begin, the medical terminology of depression and sadness vary in many drasticShow MoreRelatedThe Difference of Sadness and Depression in Children Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pagesthat sadness and depression are terms refer to the same emotional disorder level. In fact, sadness is the behavior that occurs as a result of facing some difficulties in our daily life and it is usually continues for a couple of days. While depression is a serious mental illness that happen due to the continual feeling of sadness that persist for weeks, months and even years. Depression can affect people from all ages, in 1975, the National Institute of Mental Health announc ed that depression is noRead MoreSadness857 Words   |  4 PagesSadness means suffering in silence. Many people suffer because they have their heart broken, they have problems at work, they have had a fight with a dear person, they have lost something, or someone. Sadness means sorrow, grief, being upset etc. Sadness is a state of mind that comes and goes as it pleases. Today we can be sad tomorrow we can forget about yesturday. Life is about going through bad and good moments so it`s normal to feel sad sometimes. Sadness can manifest itself through emotionsRead MoreDepression : Depression And Depression1249 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: DEPRESSION Depression Professional Psychology Brittany Nunez Kean University DEPRESSION Depression Depression is known as the â€Å"common cold† of all mental disorders and conditions. Over 350 million globally suffer from depression. Depression is a mood disorder that causes feelings of persistent sadness and anxiety. It is a serious condition can impact a person’s mind and body. Depression affects many aspects of a victims lives. It impairs our ability to performRead MoreThe Accurate Depiction of Adolescent Depression in It’s Kind Of a Funny Story by Ned Vizzini887 Words   |  4 PagesADOLESCENT DEPRESSION IN IT’S KIND OF A FUNNY STORY BY NED VIZZINI Almost everyone will experience sadness in their life. The death of a loved one, a lost friendship, or even a broken heart. Most people know that feeling of a heavy heart and mind. Now imagine feeling these sadness anchors drag you down every day. Adolescent depression is a serious mood disorder that can suck happiness out of a person’s life. It can be normal for a teen to experience unhappiness every once in a while, but depressionRead MoreDepression : The Most Common Form Of Mental Illness1202 Words   |  5 PagesDepression, a serious epidemic in the nation, is a sickness that makes one feel sad or upset throughout the course of their daily lives. This illness called depression affects many people’s lives, does it not? This is here to analyze and explore how depression is one of many serious epidemics in society, why it’s important to know about, how it affects people, and what ways there are to help them. Depression, the most common form of mental illness known has taken over a quarter of the AmericanRead MoreDepression Is Not A Great Thing1091 Words   |  5 PagesDepression is Not a Great Thing Depression, a serious epidemic in the nation, is a sickness that makes one feel sad or upset throughout the course of their daily lives. This illness called depression affects many people’s lives, does it not? This is here to analyze and explore how depression is one of many serious factors in society, why it’s important to know about, how it affects people, and what ways there are to help them. Depression, the most common form of mental illness known has takenRead MoreDepression : Depression And Depression1357 Words   |  6 Pages Madeline Reyes Professor Lee Rosichan English 120 Sunday November 22, 2015 Depression We all have days where we feel down in the dumps, just totally depressed. Right? The term â€Å"depressed† has been used interchangeably by nearly everyone, but are we really depressed or are we just sad? The concept of depression has been used to explain almost every instances of sadness for so long that nowadays when people announce that they are depressed, the usual response is â€Å"it will get better† or â€Å"you needRead MoreSadness Is An Emotion That Has A Bad Reputation964 Words   |  4 PagesSadness is an emotion that has a bad reputation in our society and is often categorized as weakness or depression. In the film, Inside Out, it shows its viewers what is happening in the mind of an 11-year-old girl, Riley. At the beginning of the film, Joy admits that she doesn’t understand what Sadness is for or why it’s even in Riley’s head when sadness is introduced. At one point in life, many of us have probably questioned the purpose of sadness and why we need it because it makes us feel terribleRead MoreDepression And Mental Depression1297 Words   |  6 PagesAnxiety and depression are both examples of mental health illnesses. Anxiety is being extremely nervous constantly throughout typical life events and responsibilities (Cleveland Clinic). Depression is a broad term used to describe an extreme negative drop of mood such as sadness and hopelessness accompanied by disturbances in body functions. Anxiety and depression are both recognizable and have been acknowledged. Even though the amount of people who go through anxiety and depression is high and theRead MoreThe Severity Of Depression Epidemic1485 Words   |  6 Pagesincrease in the number people who have been diagnosed with depression According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention one in ten Americans twelve and over are currently on antidepressants. This fact is especially true for females whose use was double of what men used. This increase in diagno sis and use of antidepressant many believe that depression is becoming an epidemic. Rottenberg mentions in his article the severity of depression epidemic according to the World Health Organization, â€Å"by

Traditional Literacy Diverse Student Needs â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Traditional Literacy Diverse Student Needs? Answer: Introduction The world is turning more diverse both linguistically and culturally with every passing day. The teachers in the classrooms are facing more challenges with the students from diverse backgrounds. The multimodal resources are a great method of designing the pedagogies for the students who come from diverse backgrounds and have difficulties in learning (Mills 2013). The primary challenge is felicitating the identification of the diverse resource that can be offered to the students, while at the same time, the access to the specific content and the official discourses of the curriculum should be enabled. Australia is a country of several ethnicities and languages, the teachers tend to experience diverse students from all over the world. The diversity of ethnicities, cultures and languages have characterized the educational contexts of Australia. The educational pedagogy in Australia has been designed so that it can provide the primary cultural and social education to the young children a nd the students in the later ages (Loughran 2013). English is mostly chosen as a common language for teaching and learning. As globalization has influenced all the possible sectors of life, the educational sector is no exception to that. The new literacy trends have adopted the multimodal approach within the classroom because this can be a major source of creativity and resourcefulness for both the students and teachers (Craft et al. 2014). There are several audio, visual and kinesthetic models available such as wiki, animated video, PowerPoint/Prezi, E-book, applications etc that can be utilized for the learning process. This essay will trigger the different sources of designing pedagogies and develop the teaching process. Designing Pedagogies Designing is the procedure which gives the shape to the purpose and interests for the maketing for the assumed audience by utilizing the accessible semiotic resources. In this context, the concept of designing to the educational pedagogy tends to give rise to the alternate approaches to the primary questions of identifying and accessing. As stated by Cochrane et al. (2014) the designing is a semiotic work which motivates each of the acts of meaning by making the points for identifying the principles of learning along with the materials with which the teaching will be done. In other words, it can be said that the concept of designing identifies the creation of the resources in large number which makes a significant meaning. This concept is also about assembling and choosing the resources in accordance to the individual requirements and the perception about the context. The learners tend to receive several signs across such semiotic modes which are drawn from several represented resour ces as well (Goodyear and Casey 2015). The traditional classrooms have changed with the course of time and several new technologies are being utilized for designing the pedagogies for students. The multimodal classrooms are a new way of teaching students while using different multimedia services. However, it is very much necessary that the knowledge and the discourse of the particular discipline are accessible. Figure: New Literacy and Diverse Student Needs Discipline-specific knowledge and capabilities The discipline specific knowledge can be described as a particular set of comprehensions which is not confined in a particular field; rather it is more than the basic knowledge of the subject. This can also be considered as the knowledge which is specified to the particular discipline but defined as a specialist in the area. This knowledge is significant for the students to learn as in their later life, they may require fundamental and particular knowledge on a subject for pursuing their career (Starkey et al. 2016). This pedagogy can be designed in different ways. There can also be different learning environments such as lecture within the classrooms, laboratories or within the learning environments integrated with practical work. However, the teacher can design this pedagogy by using different multimodal resources as well. The class environment can also be cloud located if the classroom is an online one. If the teacher is conducting any tutorials other than the scheduled tutorials, he or she can conduct the class online as well. For this pedagogy, the students can be given multiple choice questions where they have to choose only one correct answer among three or four choices. These kinds of question papers generally consist of a single question followed by three or four choices of same kind. For the design specific knowledge and capabilities, the learning environment integrated with work can be the most effective one as it can provide the students a genuine learning environment which may represent the real work to them (Hughes and Keith 2015). Other than multiple choice questions, there can be essay or practical examination for this specific genre. Within the practical environment, the teachers will be capable of assessing the practical knowledge of the students. Figure: Design specific thinking For this particular pedagogy, the teacher can design a multiple choice question on the basis of a practical examination that has been held previously. The students have to appear for an online test for half an hour which will consist of different questions regarding the practical examination. This can be applicable at any discipline which will help the students to gain more knowledge about a specific design. The teacher can utilize a jig-saw model approach for this teaching as well. The entire classroom can be divided into five groups with different topics given individually. The teacher can ask the students to research on specific topics on their own; therefore share with the other students with same approach. They can also come back to their previous group and share their learning and findings. Therefore, the students can be given multiple choice questions on their subjects that will help the teacher to review their knowledge. Communication Frey and Palmer (2017) has stated that the changing strategies and roles of utilizing the computer and information technology within the classroom are supported by the new trend of learning and teaching at the secondary level. The classroom interactions, selected activities or the instructional activities within the classroom setting can be very helpful in this context as well. However, if the students are utilizing the multimodal resources without any proper instruction or narrative structure, they tend to become unfocused (Dannels et al. 2014). Therefore the teachers require supervising by imposing an organized structure for making the classroom activities more productive. For designing this pedagogy, the teacher must understand that the communication between teacher and students is a two-way process. The communication should be interactive and the students should be valued in the communication. After entering the classroom, the teacher will divide the students in small groups of two to three students. Each of the group will have to do a double entry journal. After they are done with their journals,economics can collaborate and communicate their ideas with the teacher and the rest of the class. The students will be given access to the computers and internet if they want to search for any information. Each of the team will be given a topic, therefore on one side of the journal, the students have to write the information they get on the topic. On the other side they have to write whatever they think about the information. This pedagogy can be very effective for literature learning, where the students will be given a piece of reading and a question and th ey have to search for information. After the journal entry is done, the students will communicate their concepts and information. Here the teacher can put more valuable information. The most effective part of this pedagogy is that the students can communicate with each other with their ideas and help each other with information. At the end, the teacher will also take part in the communication process and help them to learn. Figure: Classroom Communication Digital Literacy The Australian MCEECDYA report has stated three kinds of digital literacy: creation and sharing the information, working with the information and using the information and communication technology in a responsible way (Lankshear and Knobel 2015). Later six procedures have been included in the digital literacy such as availing, managing and examining information, creation of new understanding, conversing with others utilizing the information and communication technology etc. The digital pedagogy involves a drastic change in the traditional pedagogy with a constructivist approach where the students can create their own knowledge (Tyner 2014). For this pedagogy, the teacher will use a teaching approach utilizing the digital story telling with the help of power point presentation and recorded voice. This electronic story books can be very much effective in increasing the motivation of the students. The teacher can use YouTube videos or create a presentation for the students as well. The video should be of minimum four to five minutes. After the video ends, the teacher will propose few questions regarding the topic. The students will participate in the discussion and share their thoughts and ideas with the class. This will improve their ability of accessing and evaluating the information along with creating new understanding. Figure: Digital Literacy Critical Thinking and problem solving Critical thinking is an intellectually restricted procedure which helps the individual in conceptualizing, analyzing and evaluating the information in a more active and skillful way. In other words, it can also be said that it is a kind of thinking which has the ability of assessing itself. Critical thinkers tend to raise important issues and questions, tend to formulate them more clearly (Kong 2015). This thinking procedure is a vital skill, especially within the workplace. Critical thinking can be utilized for evaluating policies, people and the other institutions which can solve many social problems. Therefore the teachers should trigger the critical thinking through the classroom activities. The following pedagogy has been designed based on the 5 step model for moving the students towards critical thinking. The teacher will give an online game to the students. The entire lesson will be based on the Quandary game where the players need to make tough decisions which may not have any clear wrong or right answers; however each of the answer has its own consequences. Therefore this game will require several concepts and skills that can be achieved by the critical thinking. Here the teacher will tell the students about the game and ask what they think just by hearing the name. Then the teacher will play the introductory video of the game so that the students are introduced with the primary objective of the game and the teacher will clear the meaning about the name of the game. The teacher will make groups of students consisting of three or four students and start playing the game. The students will be allowed for 15 minutes to play each of the episodes. If any group of students finishes the game within the time, they can replay the episode and see how things would turn out if they make any ot her choice. After this playing time, the teacher will bring all the students back to the class and ask questions regarding the game. Some sample questions would be like Why do you choose the solution? What is the basic difference between an opinion, a fact and the solution? What are the possible dilemmas while playing the game? How did you overcome it? And so on. They can also be asked to write down the key concepts about the game. The teacher can assess the learning of the students by reflecting on their writing about the key concepts. This activity will make the students think more profoundly regarding the concepts used in the game and it will also improve their problem solving skills. Later, when the students will be done with minimum of three episodes of the game, the teacher can discuss the game on the whiteboard through a introductory session. Each of the step of the game can be facilitated through discussion. Figure: Critical Thinking and problem solving Self-management Most of the times, the teachers tend to experience that the students are having trouble with finishing their homework as they are not dedicating much time in studies. It is possible that they are wasting a long time in playing or surfing the social media sites or watching television. The self management pedagogies will help the students to understand the importance of the realistic schedule (Ladson-Billings 2014). Therefore it will also make them utilize their time so that they can make time for their studies even after playing. The teacher will provide them computers where they will use the excel sheet. Through this activity, the students will also learn the usage of excel along with making their daily schedule. The teacher will divide the entire classroom in groups of maximum of three or four students. Each of the team will use one computer. The teacher will give them the first ten minutes to identify what are the important works they have in one week. As this is a group work, one student can use the computer and the others can direct him or her exactly what has to be written. After making the list, the teacher should help the students to categorize the activities. They can divide the activities in different categories such as static time frame and the flexible time frame. They can also differentiate between the most important works and the ones which cannot be rescheduled. After this stage, the teacher can do the entire work on the blackboard for showing the difference between the activities and how the students should distinguish their work timings. Later the teacher can also ask questions such as How important is this task? Do you think you can finish this task within this time? etc. In making this schedule the teacher should leave sufficient time for the personal work as well. This will help the students to learn self management through the lesson. Figure: Self management Conclusion Designing the pedagogies for students can be very tricky sometimes, as this requires a sharp creative thinking. While enacting the narrative pedagogy, it accompanies the existing traditional educational approaches along with the new and innovative thinking approaches. In such pedagogies the new potential for teaching tends to emerge along with previous ones. In such pedagogies, the students are mostly inadvertently led to the belief that they are in a system which can offer them a safe practice. The creative thinking helps the students to think in a more empathetic way than before. The fundamental assumptions of the pedagogies provide a sense that the required information in the system are transparent and clear as they tend to experience both the theory and practical practices at the same time. The practical things are not merely the practice of the traditional knowledge; rather the practices help the students to realize that they can think on their own and their thoughts are always welcome. This pedagogies influence the students to develop their thought process as well. This essay has defined several learning methods and how the students can reflect their personal thinking within the classroom environment which will help them in their later working life. Reference list Cochrane, T., Antonczak, L., Keegan, H. and Narayan, V., 2014. Riding the wave of BYOD: developing a framework for creative pedagogies.Research in Learning Technology,22(1), p.24637. Craft, A., Cremin, T., Hay, P. and Clack, J., 2014. Creative primary schools: developing and maintaining psychology for creativity.Ethnography and Education,9(1), pp.16-34. Dannels, D.P., Darling, A., Fassett, D.L., Kerssen-Griep, J., Lane, D., Mottet, T.P., Nainby, K. and Sellnow, D., 2014. Inception: Beginning a new conversation about communication pedagogy and scholarship.Communication Education,63(4), pp.366-382. Evens, M., Elen, J. and Depaepe, F., 2015. Developing pedagogical content knowledge: Lessons learned from intervention studies.Education Research International,2015. Frey, L.R. and Palmer, D.L., 2017. Communication Activism Pedagogy. Communication Activism Pedagogy and Research: Communication Education Scholarship to Promote Social Justice.Communication Education,66(3), pp.362-367. Goodyear, V.A. and Casey, A., 2015. Innovation with change: Developing a community of practice to help teachers move beyond the honeymoonof pedagogical renovation.Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy,20(2), pp.186-203. Gregg, M., 2015. 12 Getting Things Done: Productivity, Self-Management, and the Order of Things.management Affect, p.187. Hughes, D. and Keith, S., 2015. Linking Assessment Practices, Unit-Level Outcomes and Discipline-Specific Capabilities in Contemporary Music Studies. InAssessment in Music Education: from Policy to Practice(pp. 171-193). Springer International Publishing. Kivunja, C., 2014. Do you want your students to be job-ready with 21st century skills? Change pedagogies: A pedagogical paradigm shift from Vygotskyian social constructivism to critical thinking, problem solving and Siemens digital connectivism.International Journal of Higher Education,3(3), p.81. Kong, S.C., 2014. Developing information literacy and critical thinking skills through domain knowledge learning in digital classrooms: An experience of practicing flipped classroom strategy.Computers Education,78, pp.160-173. Kong, S.C., 2015. An experience of a three-year study on the development of critical thinking skills in flipped secondary classrooms with pedagogical and technological support.Computers Education,89, pp.16-31. Ladson-Billings, G., 2014. Culturally relevant pedagogy 2.0: aka the remix.Harvard Educational Review,84(1), pp.74-84. Lankshear, C. and Knobel, M., 2015. Digital Literacy and Digital Literacies:-Policy, Pedagogy and Research Considerations for Education.Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy,10(Jubileumsnummer), pp.8-20. Loughran, J., 2013.Developing a pedagogy of teacher education: Understanding teaching learning about teaching. Routledge. Mills, C., 2013. Developing pedagogies in pre-service teachers to cater for diversity: Challenges and ways forward in initial teacher education.International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning,8(3), pp.219-228. Nilsson, P., 2014. When teaching makes a difference: Developing science teachers pedagogical content knowledge through learning study.International Journal of Science Education,36(11), pp.1794-1814. Starkey, L., McPhail, G., Abbiss, J., Caldwell, A., Hawe, E., Schaughency, E., Riordan, J., Das, S., Carroll, J., Reese, E. and Kelly, M., 2016. An equitable curriculum for a digital age.CURRICULUM MATTERS,12, pp.29-45. Thomas, I. and Day, T., 2014. Sustainability capabilities, graduate capabilities, and Australian universities.International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education,15(2), pp.208-227. Tyner, K., 2014.Literacy in a digital world: Teaching and learning in the age of information. Routledge. Westbrook, J., 2013. Pedagogy, curriculum, teaching practices and teacher education in developing countries. Final report. Education rigorous literature review. Wiersma, E., McAiney, C., Loiselle, L., Hickman, K. and Harvey, D., 2016. Shifting Focus: Agency and resilience in a self-management programme for people living with dementia.Risk and Resilience: Global Learning Across the Age Span,24.

ManagementBusiness Project Management And Technology - Myassignmenthel

Question: Discuss about the Business Project Management And Technology. Answer: Introduction This study will develop a project status report for identifying the completed task and remaining task in the new product process in Samsung. The report will be presented to the board of management so that they can understand the progress of the project and the shortcomings faced while faced while executing the project. The report will also include overall budget, over allocation of resources and slack time. The report will conclude by providing the necessary action that has to be taken for improving the efficiency of the overall procedure. Background of Samsung Samsung is one of the largest conglomerates in technology and consist of variety of technological products in the market. The organization has its headquarters in Seoul and most of their products are under the brand name of Samsung. The organization had diversified their product line, and offers variety of products to the target market worldwide. The notable industries of the organization are Samsung electronics, Samsung Heavy industries, Samsung CT and Samsung Engineering (Samsung Electronics America, 2018). Samsung has started to emerge in the global market in the late 90s and have been to increase their consumer base in all over the world. They have provided competition to Apple who is the market leader in this segment by providing similar products with better configurations at cheaper prices. However, they have been fined for damaging six of the patents of Apple but they have been able to make steady progress by collaborating with Microsoft Project scope Project scope is the crucial data required for defining the needs and expectation of the consumers in particular project. This project is aiming at developing a product for their high end consumers segment (Collins, Parrish Gibson Jr, 2017). This product will fulfil the current need and wants of the consumers in the market. The project includes the objective of the project, deliverables, milestones and technical report. This is a project status report, which will provide the status report until a given point of time to identify the issues and risk involved. Project objectives The objectives of the project are mentioned as follows: To identify the current market trends in Smartphone industry To evaluate the new requirements for a develop a product To design and launch a product for current consumers of Samsung To test the products for identifying necessary changes Project Status report objectives To evaluate the status for the report till the given date To identify the risk factors To calculate the budget status Project deliverables and milestones Project deliverables and milestones will define the various processes for developing the new product (Snyder, 2017). There are various stages included in a project and each of the stages has specific tasks defined to it. The completion of each of the stages in project management is known as milestone. This project will consist of five stages and five milestones has been defined in the study. Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Product Development Status report 345 days Wed 11/1/17 Tue 2/26/19 User Requirement Analysis 40 days Wed 11/1/17 Tue 12/26/17 Trend analysis 10 days Wed 11/1/17 Tue 11/14/17 Survey and pilot Study 15 days Wed 11/15/17 Tue 12/5/17 2 Identifying the requirements 15 days Wed 12/6/17 Tue 12/26/17 3 Formulating documents 5 days Wed 12/6/17 Tue 12/12/17 2,3 Functional Specification 10 days Wed 12/6/17 Tue 12/19/17 2,3 Milestone 1: User Requirement Analysed 0 days Tue 12/19/17 Tue 12/19/17 6 Designing the solution 130 days Wed 12/20/17 Tue 6/19/18 Analysing the specifications 10 days Wed 12/20/17 Tue 1/2/18 7 Developing solution argument 30 days Wed 1/3/18 Tue 2/13/18 9 Designing solution in terms of specification 60 days Wed 2/14/18 Tue 5/8/18 10 Designing user interface 45 days Wed 2/14/18 Tue 4/17/18 10 Performance design 30 days Wed 5/9/18 Tue 6/19/18 11,12 Milestone 2: New solution designed 0 days Tue 6/19/18 Tue 6/19/18 13 product development 125 days Wed 6/20/18 Tue 12/11/18 Developing the prototype 10 days Wed 6/20/18 Tue 7/3/18 14 Testing of the prototype 15 days Wed 7/4/18 Tue 7/24/18 16 Identifying the defects 10 days Wed 7/25/18 Tue 8/7/18 17 Rectifying the defects 30 days Wed 8/8/18 Tue 9/18/18 17,18 Integration of the prototype 30 days Wed 9/19/18 Tue 10/30/18 18,19 Final product development 30 days Wed 10/31/18 Tue 12/11/18 20 Milestone 3: Product developed 0 days Tue 12/11/18 Tue 12/11/18 21 Product Testing 45 days Wed 12/12/18 Tue 2/12/19 Preparing Test samples 30 days Wed 12/12/18 Tue 1/22/19 22 Distributing Test samples 5 days Wed 1/23/19 Tue 1/29/19 24 Taking Feedbacks 10 days Wed 1/30/19 Tue 2/12/19 25 Performance testing 5 days Wed 1/30/19 Tue 2/5/19 25 Milestone 4: Product Testing completed 0 days Tue 2/5/19 Tue 2/5/19 27 Product Review 15 days Wed 2/6/19 Tue 2/26/19 Identify necessary changes 5 days Wed 2/6/19 Tue 2/12/19 28 apply changes 10 days Wed 2/13/19 Tue 2/26/19 30 Milestone 5: Product launched 0 days Tue 2/26/19 Tue 2/26/19 31 Project progress and performance Milestone report Critical Task completion Name Start Finish % Complete Remaining Work Resource Names Developing solution argument Wed 1/3/18 Tue 2/13/18 23% 1,472 hrs finance manager,marketing manager,operational manager,product analyst,Project manager,software developer,sofware designer,test engineer Designing solution in terms of specification Wed 2/14/18 Tue 5/8/18 0% 1,920 hrs product analyst,Project manager,software developer,sofware designer performance design Wed 5/9/18 Tue 6/19/18 0% 720 hrs product analyst,software developer,sofware designer Milestone 2: New solution designed Tue 6/19/18 Tue 6/19/18 0% 0 hrs developing the prototype Wed 6/20/18 Tue 7/3/18 0% 320 hrs product analyst,Project manager,software developer,sofware designer testing of the prototype Wed 7/4/18 Tue 7/24/18 0% 360 hrs software developer,sofware designer,test engineer identifying the defects Wed 7/25/18 Tue 8/7/18 0% 400 hrs product analyst,Project manager,software developer,sofware designer,test engineer rectifying the defects Wed 8/8/18 Tue 9/18/18 0% 960 hrs Project manager,software developer,sofware designer,test engineer integration of the prototype Wed 9/19/18 Tue 10/30/18 0% 720 hrs software developer,sofware designer,test engineer Final product development Wed 10/31/18 Tue 12/11/18 0% 720 hrs software developer,sofware designer,test engineer Milestone 3: Product developed Tue 12/11/18 Tue 12/11/18 0% 0 hrs Preparing Test samples Wed 12/12/18 Tue 1/22/19 0% 960 hrs marketing manager,operational manager,product analyst,Project manager Distributing Test samples Wed 1/23/19 Tue 1/29/19 0% 160 hrs marketing manager,operational manager,product analyst,Project manager Performance testing Wed 1/30/19 Tue 2/5/19 0% 160 hrs marketing manager,product analyst,Project manager,test engineer Milestone 4: Product Testing completed Tue 2/5/19 Tue 2/5/19 0% 0 hrs Identify necessary changes Wed 2/6/19 Tue 2/12/19 0% 320 hrs finance manager,marketing manager,operational manager,product analyst,Project manager,software developer,sofware designer,test engineer apply changes Wed 2/13/19 Tue 2/26/19 0% 320 hrs product analyst,Project manager,software developer,sofware designer Milestone 5: Product launched Tue 2/26/19 Tue 2/26/19 0% 0 hrs Figure: Task status The performance report of the project highlights that out of the five stages, only one of the stages has been completed and one milestone has been achieved. Thus, 22% of the overall project has been completed and 18% of tasks are in progress. However, if the overall data is taken in to account, 17% of the overall project has been completed. The project is on schedule but there is over allocation of resources in some of the task. Moreover, there has been over allocation of resources in some non-critical tasks. Issues Task Name Duration Start Finish Resource Names Total Slack designing user interface 45 days Wed 2/14/18 Tue 4/17/18 software developer, software designer 15 days Taking Feedbacks 10 days Wed 1/30/19 Tue 2/12/19 finance manager, marketing manager, operational manager, product analyst 10 days Performance testing 5 days Wed 1/30/19 Tue 2/5/19 marketing manager, product analyst, Project manager, test engineer 0 days Identify necessary changes 5 days Wed 2/6/19 Tue 2/12/19 finance manager, marketing manager, operational manager, product analyst, Project manager, software developer, software designer, test engineer 0 days This table shows the tasks that have been over allocated in the study and consists of slack period. Therefore, these tasks will not have any impact on the overall schedule of the project. Thus, the over allocation of resources can be reduced to reduce the budget of the project. However, if there is over allocation of resources in critical tasks then reducing the resources will increase the time span of the project. The allocation of resources in most of the tasks in unnecessary and in the initial task excessive resources which has increased the cost structure significantly. Thus, the project management team will have to reconsider the use of resources which can the overall cost structure especially on the critical task. Budget Status Task Name Duration Start Finish Cost User Requirement Analysis 40 days Wed 11/1/17 Tue 12/26/17 $107,920.00 Trend analysis 10 days Wed 11/1/17 Tue 11/14/17 $31,040.00 Survey and pilot Study 15 days Wed 11/15/17 Tue 12/5/17 $46,560.00 Identifying the requirements 15 days Wed 12/6/17 Tue 12/26/17 $18,960.00 Formulating documents 5 days Wed 12/6/17 Tue 12/12/17 $5,120.00 Functional Specification 10 days Wed 12/6/17 Tue 12/19/17 $6,240.00 Milestone 1: User Requirement Analysed 0 days Tue 12/19/17 Tue 12/19/17 $0.00 Designing the solution 130 days Wed 12/20/17 Tue 6/19/18 $191,760.00 Analysing the specifications 10 days Wed 12/20/17 Tue 1/2/18 $6,240.00 The budget status for the project shows that 135,888.00 have already been spent in and the remaining cost of the project is 378,792.00. These tasks show shown in the table are completed tasks and majority of the project is still in the process. The tasks are progressing as planned by the project management team. However, the cost incurred in each of the tasks could have been reduced, as none of the tasks were critical and does not have any impact on the overall time schedule of the project. Risk review Risk review is the process of reviewing the different aspects in detail so that all the risk associated with the processes can be mitigated. The various aspect of risk review will consist of deliver, people, resources, capabilities, legal, finance, management, process, relationship, asset management and technology (Stingl Geraldi, 2017). In this project after reviewing of the various aspects, it has been found out that resources have been over allocated, operational manager, marketing manager and finance manager have been over used and there is places where their involvement is not required but still they have been assigned to such tasks. This risk has to be mitigated immediately so that cost of the project can be reduced. Moreover, increase in overall project cost will reduce the profit margin of Samsung so it should be take in to account to improve revenue generation for the organization. There is a slack period in some of the task, which should be reduced as resources will have n o impact on the time span of that task and have been allocated to other tasks where adding extra resources will reduce the time span of the overall project. Project and personal reflection This project has provided an in depth learning process for me as I have difficulties in various phases of this report. While formulating the data in Ms Project, I have acquired knowledge about effective use of project management. Selection of topic and identification of the project scope took a lot of time but I have been able to develop an effective scope for the project by identifying the different process. Reflecting upon the project that I have developed it can be seen that there are many issues in the execution process and I have gained knowledge about the ways of identifying the risk factors and the issues that may be crucial for affecting the time span of the project. I have developed a project status report for the first time, which has helped me explore boundaries I had no idea. I had to set a status date and use other functions such as updating the report and calculating slack which I had never done before. Thus, I have been able gather effective knowledge, which i can use later in the study. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded from the study that the status report suggest that 17% of the overall project has been completed. The project status has provided insights on allocation of resources, budget, overall cost and remaining cost of the project. The report shows that there has been over allocation of resources in some of the cases in both critical and non-critical task. However, nothing can be done about the deliverables and milestones that have been completed. Thus, the status will prevent the issues and risk factors in the remaining part of the project. References Collins, W., Parrish, K., Gibson Jr, G. E. (2017). Development of a Project Scope Definition and Assessment Tool for Small Industrial Construction Projects.Journal of Management in Engineering,33(4), 04017015. Kerzner, H., 2017.Project management metrics, KPIs, and dashboards: a guide to measuring and monitoring project performance. John Wiley Sons. Nicholas, J.M. and Steyn, H., 2017.Project management for engineering, business and technology. Taylor Francis. Samsung Electronics America. (2018).About Us | Samsung US.Samsung Electronics America. Retrieved 11 January 2018, from https://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/home/ Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Snyder, C. (2017).A project manager's book of forms: A companion to the PMBOK guide. John Wiley Sons. Stingl, V., Geraldi, J. (2017). Errors, lies and misunderstandings: Systematic review on behavioural decision making in projects.International Journal of Project Management,35(2), 121-135. Verzuh, E., 2015.The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley Sons. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.

The Odyssey and Was Odysseus a Hero Essay Example

The Odyssey and Was Odysseus a Hero? Essay Odysseus a hero? The only heroes I know are Superman, Batman, and Ironman. How can someone as normal as Odysseus be compared to someone as strong as Batman? The truth is Odysseus, raider of cities, is in fact an archetypal hero. The four characteristics Odysseus exemplified to make himself a hero are: bravery, faithfulness, intelligence, and determination. First off, Odysseus was a very brave person. Even though and underdog, Odysseus never backed down. His first act of bravery was his ability to face the mighty Trojan army. He was selected to join the war and refused. So the Greeks put his baby Telemachus in front of a plow. He quickly stopped it and accepted the challenge being the brave person he was. † But the ‘draft board’ was smarter than Odysseus. They threw his baby Telemachus in front of his oncoming plow. †(David Adams Leeming 643) Another act of bravery on Odysseus’ part, was taunting the massive Cyclops Polyphemus. †O Cyclops! Would you feast on my companions? Puny, am I, in a caveman’s hands? How do you like the beating that we gave you, you damned cannibal? †(Homer 476) The last act of Odysseus’ bravery was his willingness to go to the underworld. There Odysseus met Thebes. Thebes requested that Odysseus let him taste blood. We will write a custom essay sample on The Odyssey and Was Odysseus a Hero? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Odyssey and Was Odysseus a Hero? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Odyssey and Was Odysseus a Hero? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Odysseus, the brave man that he was, cut himself to please Thebes. â€Å"At this I stepped aside, and in the scabbard let the long sword ring home to the pommel silver as he bent down to taste the somber blood. †(Homer 615) Odysseus, as brave as he was, was also faithful. His first act was his ability to leave Calypso. He said he had to get home. In the process Odysseus gave up eternal life. â€Å"If you could see it all, before you go all the adversity you face at sea-you would stay here, and guard this house, and be immortal. †(Homer 104) As with Calypso, Circe also fell to the faithful Odysseus. Circe was the goddess of lust. It is told that Circe was the most beautiful woman for miles. Again, Odysseus pleads to go home. † Odysseus and his men beg Circe to help them return home. †(Homer ) The final way Odysseus was faithful was he fought all of the suitors for Penelope and Telemachus. He wanted to serve his duty as a father and save Telemachus. Instead of letting the suitors steal his wife Odysseus fought more that a hundred men. â€Å"Although Odyseeus is ready to reclaim his rightful kingdom, he must first confront more than a hundred hostile suitors. †(Homer ) He faced off for his wife and defeated all of the suitors. Odysseus, you’ve probably already guessed is a very determined person. He never thought about giving up on home. â€Å"Yet, it is true, each day Odysseus long for home, long for the sight of home. †(Homer 117) He also wanted to see his son. In the 20 years Telemachus was alive, Odysseus hadn’t seen him one. Telemachus was born shortly after Odysseus left for Troy. Although his determination was greater than ever, It didn’t stop the obstacles in his way from appearing. One of the obstacles that really tested his determination was Scyclla. Scyclla was a three-headed serpent that lived between a strait. As we sailed toward Scyclla I said nothing, as we could do nothing. †(Homer 791) Scyclla proved no match for the small boat as the boat and some of Odysseus’ warriors were diminished. Still, Odysseus trudged on. Last, Odysseus was intelligent. He first tricked the Cyclops into thinking his name was nohbdy. This way the Cyclops would tell his frien ds that nohbdy was there when he attacked. â€Å"Remember the gift you promised me and I shall tell you. My name is Nohbdy. †(Homer 360) The Cyclops believed him because he was drunk and was eventually defeated by him. He also fooled the Trojans. The Trojans believed the horse that Odysseus made was a gift that the greeks surrendered. When, in fact, the the Greeks were hiding in it. The Trojans partied and when everyone was sleep, the Greeks went in and slit everyone’s throat. Last he had his friends move all the suitors weapons. The suitor’s died from the strength of Odysseus and their lack of weapons. Overall, Odysseus was a strong and powerful hero. He was: brave, faithful, intelligent, and determined. These four things make Odysseus an archetypal hero. He preserved and won the battle. Now, only now may Odysseus rest at home.

Conflicts in Old Man and the Sea essays

Conflicts in Old Man and the Sea essays The Old Man and the Sea is as deep as the ocean. There are many conflicts occurring in the novel, some subtler than others; but each contributes to Santiagos suffering and reveals different depths of his character. Two examples of conflict are between Santiago and the marlin and between Santiago and the other fisherman. Santiago suffers a great deal through these hardships, but with strength and determination, he is able to overcome them. The main conflict of the story is between Santiago and the Marlin. He first sees the Marlin when it jumps up. The marlin is two feet longer than the skiff and very strong. When it tries to swim away, it pulls the skiff with it, far out to sea. For days the old man sits alone in his skiff, battling the marlin. Through this, he is able to overcome hunger, weakness and a cramping left hand. You are killing me, fish, the old man thought (92). At one point Santiago believes he is too weak and that the fish might actually kill him. This is when he is able to find his strength and reel in the now tired fish. He harpoons the fish and stains the ocean with its blood. Another conflict exists between Santiago and the other, younger fisherman. They think that Santiago is salao because he has not caught a fish in 84 days. They do no respect him because he is old and unlucky. They do not recognize or venerate his skill. In fact, they ridicule him. This affects Santiagos confidence and isolates him further. Santiago does not have any friends other than the boy because no one respects him. When Santiago comes back from his trip with the gigantic marlin carcass with shark bites in it, they realize that Santiago has great skill and determination for his age and they begin to respect him. When the old man tells the story about the Campion, he reveals that being honored is important to him. His pride is bruised by the lack of respect by the other fisherman. His honor is finally restored wh...

Assingment 4 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assingment 4 - Coursework Example Example: Suppose a firm produces 1000 units with 10 laborers, remember the main objective of any firm is to maximize revenue, the management may opts to hire more workers to increase output which will lead to an increase in profit but if the contribution of 11^th worker will lead to a decrease in output, then it will only be important to employ enough employees who maximize the output without causing the marginal product to diminish. Largo Publishing House is not making the optimal choice on input amounts. This is due to the fact that there is underestimation of printers employed. A simple calculation can prove this. If the last printer can add 20 books to the total output and press is adding 1000 books, if you take (1000/2 = 50). This shows that fifty (50) printers can be used to do the work of one printing press machine hence the publishing house will be saving $ 4000. cost of one machine is $600.This indicates that the company should not install the textile machine since its total cost overweight’s hand labor cost which is $1350 compared to machine cost which amounts to $1500. i.e. ($1500

Critically evaluate the role and effectiveness of the Environment Essay

Critically evaluate the role and effectiveness of the Environment Agency (UK) in improving air quality in the United Kingdom - Essay Example The organisation plays a regulative role in reducing the emission of air pollutants into the atmosphere from huge industrial processes and thereby improving the air quality in the country. Recently, the agency has planned to extent its operational area to large scale agricultural activities too while giving exception to some agricultural activities that cause release of air pollutants. This paper will critically evaluate the role and effectiveness of UK’s Environmental Agency in promoting air quality in the country. Air pollution in UK Air pollution is a drastically growing issue in the United Kingdom at both local and national levels. Although the air pollution in UK has been better improved over the last decade, it still struggles with air quality issues. Official data indicate that CO2 emissions significantly contribute to the UK’s pollution issue. The UK Air Quality Strategy gives specific focus on emission of air pollutants including benzene, 1,3-butadiene, lead, o zone, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides (DEFRA, 2012). Road transport, fuel combustion, and industrial emissions are some of the major sources of air pollution in UK. Historically, the UK has been greatly suffering from sulphur dioxide and smoke emissions. Nowadays, traffic emissions are growing to be a potential impediment to the UK’s air pollution control efforts. Combustion of fossil fuels has an increasing impact on the UK’s urban air quality. As we mentioned above, air pollution has a range of negative effects on both health and environment. Even though moderate levels of air pollution are not likely to have any serious effect on a normal individual, continuous and long term exposure to air pollution may result in threatening health conditions including inflammatory and respiratory system failures. Air pollution more severely affects the long term sustainability of the environment. Emission of air pollutants like CO2 causes depletion of ozone layer and allows i nfrared and other harmful rays to enter the earth’s atmosphere. Such rays are dangerous to a number of ecosystems and therefore cause to destroy the balance of ecology. Researchers argue that air pollution can have devastating impacts on biodiversity and crop yields. In UK, several studies are being conducted to accurately explore the effects of air pollution on vegetation. Primarily, the UK has started its response to air pollution by the middle of the 20th century when issues like urban smog, black smoke, and sulphur dioxide had begun to threaten the country’s environmental safety. The United Kingdom started to monitor its air pollution issues on a national scale in 1961 (UK Air Pollution, 2003). In the strength of such initiatives, the country could notably reduce coal burning emissions to a great extent. When the country focused more on the reduction of combustion related emissions, transport sector grew to be the most potential source of air pollution in most regi ons of the UK. In order to effectively address this historic change, the UK government’s focus has progressively turned to traffic pollutants including ozone, fine particular matter, and nitrogen dioxide. Some data indicate that UK’s air monitoring networks have noticeably developed over the last two decades; but, this growth did not much contribute to air quality level improvement. Increasing awareness of environmental sustainability, UK’

Criminal Justice Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Criminal Justice Planning - Essay Example On the 16th of April 2007, this student went on a shooting rampage, killing 32 people, and injuring many others, before committing suicide by shooting himself. This shooting incident in campus shocked the entire world, and while the bereaved and distressed families are still trying to put their shattered lives in order, a lot of questions have emerged, chief among which are how a mentally disturbed and psychiatrically treated patient came into possession of guns and such large quantities of ammunition, to be able to murder and main by dozens. "Under federal law, the Virginia Tech gunman Seung-Hui Cho should have been prohibited from buying a gun after a Virginia court declared him to be a danger to himself in late 2005 and sent him for psychiatric treatment, a state official and several legal experts said." (Luo, 2007). Most significantly, it has raised questions about the current levels of security and safety available to students, faculty members and staff, in present day campuses. The incident has raised disturbing questions regarding public life in the surroundings and how harrowing a real life experience, such as this would be for its traumatic spectators and sufferers. In the light of the killings it became necessary to evaluate the problems in all its perspectives- social, medical, psychological and legal. The writer has made forays in order to establish a strategic Plans which could, alleviate the extend of damages and sufferings caused to innocents and also methods, by which these kinds of incidents could be avoided in the future, with the active co-operation of all concerned- the State and Federal Agencies, the student community and their parents/guardians, the teaching faculties, support staff and the administrative personnel involved in the day to day scholastic activities of the institutions. Most significantly it is also necessary for the law enforcement agencies to be able to deal effectively with the crisis and move out for relief and rescue operations with alacrity and speed and also take necessary precautions to reduce the levels of fatalities and injuries. Further the lacunae between the State and Federal laws have been glaringly mani fested in this case "Mr. Cho's ability to buy two guns despite his history has brought new attention to the adequacy of background checks that scrutinize potential gun buyers. And since federal gun laws depend on states for enforcement, the failure of Virginia to flag Mr. Cho highlights the often incomplete information provided by states to federal authorities." (Luo, 2007). Mission Statement: To minimize campus violence by planned, co-ordinated and effectively executed methods. One of the reasons why the Virginia killings took place was because although the killer was undergoing psychiatric treatment, as an outpatient, this fact was not considered when the guns were sold to him. The lacunae in the laws that provide that only someone who is "involuntarily committed" or a person "ruled incapacitated" could be disallowed from the purchase of firearms was not applicable in this case, as he was just an outpatient. He had undergone medication after psychiatric evaluation and assessment, but at the time of killings, he was not under drugs, as the post-mortem reports did not reveal any drugs in his body. Therefore, it is necessary

Freedom of Speech in Saudi Arabia

Freedom of Speech in Saudi Arabia Twitter is one of those social media that has revolutionized the way of sending thoughts to the whole of the world. It has rapidly changed the way of communicating with the people living at any place of the world. Its importance cannot be denied in any case. There are billions of people that are well aware from this medium. They have maintained their accounts in it to get the latest happenings in the country and in the outside world. This medium has become the reason for awareness in the Kingdom Saudi Arab. People are attached to it to get the information they need. They are not in exception and are making full of this facility. In the recent years, the amount of accounts prepared by the people living in the kingdom has been increased. People have started recognizing its importance. There are many reports issued by independent research institutions of the world that are supporting this fact. People in KSA are now well aware of its benefits and are recognizing that it is the best source to connect them with the world. It is not only the reason of creating a contact with the people, but they can also express their views with the world. The world has changed, due to this sort of medium. The awareness of the issues has been spread about in the world. People are now able to discuss these issues and provide their suggestions on them. Openly and bluntly speaking, the revolutions in the recent years, in the Arab countries are brought because of Twitter. In Saudi Arabia people can come up to one stage to share their thought. They know what else is better than this. While being at home, using twitter on their computers and mobiles, they are promoting freedom of speech. It was considered that there was lesser freedom to talk and express one’s views in KSA, but this is not the case anymore. People have got the environment that is performing its duty very well for them. Statement of purpose It is significant to know what is happening in the world. If you are not aware of all, this means, you are losing something important. Twitter is about knowing whether the people are concerning themselves with the innovative ways of chatting and expressing thoughts with others or not. This medium has created awareness among the people in KSA, and how you can raise your voice while being there. It has become the best platform for spending time on reading and discussing the news. This platform is not only limited to the news of the world that sometimes bore a person, but the entertainment stuff also exists in it. People in the Saudi Arabia are also having fun while reading funny and entertainment tweets. People were unable to criticize the policies of the government before this, and the local media were always talking about the qualities of the kingdom. Now the people are well aware and have a platform that will make sure that their voices and thoughts will be conveyed to the relevant authorities and the issues will be solved. One of the important things is that you can promote the things that you are doing. The persons living in the society come near to each other and they become able to convey their thoughts to a huge amount of people. it was not possible in the recent past. Importance or relevance of the project This project is very crucial for everybody to know about. People spend their whole of the lives searching for something that will make them able to show their beliefs to the world. There are still many people who do not think that it has become simpler than the past to convey their suggestions and views to the rest of the people. The reason for this might be that they are not having opportunities to do so; it is the responsibilities of the people living nearby them to make them aware of any such change and to provide them facilities. KSA is a place where the people have started recognizing its importance. The world has been changed and the processes of doing things have also been modernized to a large extent. The people should be told to use this medium to convey their problems and views to the whole of the world. The time has been changed and the importance of Twitter has been increased all around the world. Now the public gathering is held due to the help of these like media, that are very easy to access by everybody and are less expensive or sometimes, they cost nothing to the users for connecting themselves with the world. This creates social awareness among the masses especially in the countries like KSA where the kingdom prevails and it is difficult to convey the opinions and the views over any issue, like the criticism on the government for a project that did not suitably solve the issues of the people. Now the people are capable to show their concerns to the relevant authorities of the country. The rules and regulations and the ethics should not be exploited in the wake of freedom of expressions. Sharing views and making a tweet means you have to be in a limit that should not be crossed by hook or by crook. If the people are being provoked to destroy the system of a country, their minds are being agitated with the hatred by using a social medium. Relevance to communication theory Twitter also understands to fulfill the requirements of the communication theory. This theory is very vast and covers all the factors that occur in the social media including the face to face, chats, and likewise sort of communication. People in Saudi Arabia are able to follow to their desired personalities as in it the â€Å"following system† prevails. You get tweets in which, the persons to whom you are following, share their thoughts. It is the communication software that is being used widely by the people of the world. They are getting most of it by connecting themselves by following the people they like. Twitter is evolving with the passage of time. More and more features are being included into it so that the people could make full of this media. Various sorts of companies with their twitter accounts attract the employees from all around the world. This is known as innovation, which was never thought in the past. When there are many benefits of it, there are many factors that are becoming the reason of its misuse. Some people are negatively using it and are becoming the reason of many problems. They are making the environment unsafe, which is not policy of any social media. Still, there are a lot to do to make it safer place to be at. The management of the Twitter is not able to have check and balance on all the tweets of the people. It is the people’s social responsibility to make sure that they use it for the positive works. Communication has become very easy and comfortable with the invention of this medium in the KSA. It is least expensive and affects the huge amount of people. Their number is being increased in the Saudi Arabia. They are concerned about this media and provide their feedback when needed and when they think it is suitable to take participation in the issues being discussed. Just an account is what you need to get your message spread all around the world. The multi-national, educational, charity and governmental organizations in KSA are using this medium and making full of this facility. They share their message in the shape of tweets and call for the opinions of the people. They are not required to spend huge sum of money on the advertisements whereby the feedbacks of the people is difficult to take and provide them the solution at spot, if they have any problem. The other pitfall of them is that the message of only one side comes into scene and the other party waits for the right time to get in contact with the first one, to tell him, what the issue was with his message. This might be creating barriers in the way of all freedom of speech. People of the Saudi Arabia are well known with all these kinds of factors. They know attracting a huge amount of people has become very easy now. Communication theory is all about transferring the information from one person to another. It should be conveyed effectively and this is what is provided by Twitter. The feedback is taken from the audience, whether desired or not, they are not bound to provide or not to provide the reply to a certain situation. Nobody is there to halt their ways in this regard. Feedback is very crucial without it; the process of communication is not completed. When the people are able to provide their feedback with ease, there is no issue with the freedom of speech in the society. It is what the society of the KSA has started recognizing.

Is Mary Shelleys Frankenstein typical of the horror genre? Essay

Is Mary Shelley's Frankenstein typical of the horror genre? To answer the question above, I firstly need to be clear about the term 'genre.' Genre is a particular style in art or literature, some examples of genres are: romantic, Romance, science-fiction and Gothic. Each genre has its own personal features, for example the romance genre deals with love, it normally has exotic settings and it deals with emotional issues. I am going to try and categorise the book and then try to decide whether or not it is just a horror story, or if it is more than that. If it is just a horror story then it will focus on death, darkness, fear and terror. It will also try to shock the reader and it will use suspense heavily. With this in mind, Frankenstein is definitely a horror story, for example Victor Frankenstein said, on the day when the creature was born, "a dreary night in November." This shows that the day is dark, which is typical of a day in a horror story. "Infuse a spark... into this lifeless thing" this is when he is talking about the creature, and there is definitely and emphasis on death and darkness. Victor says he also has "astounding horror" this shows that he is feeling especially horrified with the monster. From the beginning of the book, the horror genre is the primary genre in the novel, even before Victor Frankenstein's story has even begun there is evidence of horror. Just before he starts to tell his story, he tells Robert Walton that his story has "unparalleled misfortunes" and that he has "memories of evil" this is meant to strike fear into the reader and into Robert Walton, it shows that Victor Frankenstein is deeply horrified with what has happened to him. There is also evil in this story a... ...ypical through out all of the book. I believe that Frankenstein is definitely a horror story and that it is also a Gothic story, because it has many features that are typical of these genres. I do not believe that they are the main genres though, as the Romantic genre is a lot more dominant in this novel. I believe that this is mainly because of the time period that it was set in, as it was written in 1818, and this was when people were starting to discard the horror genre, and they were starting to believe in nature. Also the horror genre is only present in a few of the chapters and the Romantic genre is present in most. There are many other genres present, but none of them are feature as much as the Romantic genre. I do believe that Frankenstein is typical of the horror genre, but only in some of the novel, and it is more typical of the Romantic genre.

Minimum Wage in California Research Paper

Minimum wage is the minimum hourly, daily or monthly wage that must be paid to employees or workers. Each country sets its own minimum wage laws and regulations, and more than 90 percent of all countries have some kind of minimum wage legislation. In the United States, statutory minimum wages were first introduced nationally in 1938 (Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia). The minimum wage was enacted in 1938 as part of the Fair Labor Standards Act. The first minimum wage was .25 an hour. This has increased over the years and the current federal minimum wage is $5.15 an hour (Minimum Wage from http://jobsearch.about.com/od/minimumwage/a/minimumwage.htm) California minimum wages is based on their law to be implemented and imposed for the employer to follow for the protection of both the employee and the employer. Body of the Paper The California State Senate and Assembly have approved legislation that would give 1.4 million minimum-wage earners a $1-an-hour raise and boost annual pay to keep up with inflation. The Federal Minimum Wage Labor Law for California stated that employees under 20 years of age may be paid $4.25 per hour during their first 90 consecutive calendar days of employment with an employer. Certain full-time students, student learners, apprentices, and workers with disabilities may be paid less than the minimum wage under special certificates issued by the Department of Labor. California law is strict and pitiless to employers who have improperly paid the workers less than $6.75 per hour. Not only that an employers entitled to pay the unpaid minimum wage pay, but also the interest and penalties as well. But, the right to collect unpaid minimum wage pay does not last forever. In fact, if u delays in claiming the unpaid wages, you risk of losing unpaid minimum wage for work occurring more than three years prior to your filing of a lawsuit. Although there are some exceptions, because almost all employees in California must be paid the minimum wage as required by state law. Effective January 1, 2002, the minimum wage in California is $6.75 per hour. There are some employees who are exempt from the minimum wage law, such as outside salespersons, individuals who are the parent, spouse, or child of the employer, and apprentices regularly indentured under the State Division of Apprenticeship Standards. (Minimum Wage Order, MW-2001). California Wage Law has an exception for learners, regardless of age, who may be paid not less than 85 percent of the minimum wage rounded to the nearest nickel during their first 160 hours of employment in occupations in which they have no previous similar or related experience. There are also exceptions for employees who are mentally or physically disabled, or both, and for nonprofit organizations such as sheltered workshops or rehabilitation facilities that employ disabled workers. Such individuals and organizations may be issued a special license by the Division of Labor Standards Enforcement authorizing employment at a wage less than the legal minimum wage (Minimum Wage Labor Code Sections 1191 and 1191.5). Minimum wage legislation may be interpreted as making it either unlawful for employers to pay workers less than the minimum wage, or unlawful for workers to provide labor or services for less than the minimum. White trade unions lobbied for the introduction of minimum wage laws to exclude black workers from the labor market. This minimum wage law prevents black workers from selling their labor for less than white workers, the black workers were prevented from competing for jobs held by whites although it is the employer who is fined and/or imprisoned for violations, and the workers also loses their freedom to do what they want for themselves. The minimum wage offers substantial benefits to low-wage workers without negative effect. The best recent research shown that the job loss reported in earlier analyses does not; occur when the minimum wage is increased. If the minimum wage were increased nationally to $7.25: almost 14.9 million workers would receive a raise, and 80 percent of those affected are adults age 20 or over, and 7.3 million children would see their parent’s income rise that can make the family’s income stable. Families with affected workers rely on those workers for over half of their earnings.46 percent of all families with affected workers rely solely on the earnings from those workers. Some minimum wage workers remain in low-wage jobs for substantial periods. The best recent research on the economic impact of the minimum wage shows positive effects without job loss. Even the research that suggests a negative labor market effect shows only a minimal impact that is more than offset by the higher wage levels. The states that have adopted higher-than-federal minimum wages have seen low-wage workers incomes rise with no negative side-effects. Over 650 economists, including five Nobel Prize winners and six past presidents of the American Economics Association, recently signed a statement stating that federal and state minimum wage increases â€Å"can significantly improve the lives of low-income workers and their families, without the adverse effects that critics have claimed† (EPI 2006). Conclusion Starting   January 1, 2002, the minimum wage in California is $6.75 per hour it is strictly imposed and implemented by Law to be follow by all the businesses both public and private sectors. In this Minimum Wage law there is the difference between the state and federal minimum wage? It stated that most employers in California are subject to both the federal and state minimum wage laws. The effect of this dual coverage is that when there are conflicting requirements in the laws, the employer must follow the strict standard; the one that is the most beneficial to the employee. Since California's current law requires a higher minimum wage rate than does the federal law, all employers in California who are subject to both laws must pay the state minimum wage rate unless their employees are exempt under California law. The minimum wage is an obligation of the employer and cannot be waived by any agreement, including collective bargaining. And in this law any remedial legislation written for The protection of employees may not be violated by agreement between the employer and employee (Minimum Wage, Civil Code Sections 1668 and 3513). California law of minimum wage stated that there is no distinction made between adults and minors when it comes to payment. And an employer may not use employee’s tips as a credit towards its obligation to pay the minimum wages If the employer doesn’t pay the employee it is also stated in the law that an employee can file a lawsuit in court against the employer to recover the lost wages and it is the duty of the court to order the employer to pay the attorney’s fees, and if your not working for this employer, you can make a claim for the waiting time penalty pursuant to Minimum Wage Labor Code section Today, the earnings of a full-time minimum wage worker with a family of three would earn $10,712 a year, thus falling below the official 2006 federal poverty level of $16,600. Although the federal poverty line is an inadequate measure of the income needed to support a family, this comparison highlights the severe insufficiency of the current minimum wage (Fisher 1999). Finally, the earnings of minimum wage workers are essential to their families’ total income. While not all minimum wage workers are poor or are the sole breadwinner for their families, it is striking how important low-wage workers’ income is to their economic well-being. On average, families with affected workers rely on those workers for over half (59%) of the  Families’ total earnings. Nearly half (46%) of all families with an affected worker rely solely on the earnings of those workers. References: Laws of Minimum Wage in California, Retrieved November 18, 2006 from http://www.mcmillanlaw.us/California_Overtime_Law/California_minimum_wage.htm Minimum Wage, Retrieved November 18, 2006 from http://jobsearch.about.com/od/minimumwage/a/minimumwage.htm Minimum Wage, Retrieved November 18 from Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia Minimum Wage in California, Retrieved November 18, 2006 from http://www.dol.gov/esa/minwage/america.htm ;

The 10 Best Places For Dads to Work in 2017

The 10 Best Places For Dads to Work in 2017 The United States is pretty terrible when it comes to family leave- but it’s even worse for dads. Very few employers even provide paid parental leave for fathers. As Simon Isaacs, co-founder of Fatherly, told Business Insider, â€Å"This means a lot of new dads are not able to take time to bond with their babies and be at home with their families.† Isaacs is quick to add that paternity leave is not â€Å"time off.† â€Å"There is an increasing body of evidence,† he says, â€Å"behind the importance of father-child bonding beginning in the first few weeks†¦ With more couples than ever sharing responsibilities at home, paternity leave is also important to support your wife or spouse.† The conversation is happening, and hopefully, change is in the works. But in the meantime, Fatherly has compiled a sweet list of companies leading the charge. Here are some of the highlights, taking into account leave policies, flexible hours, and telecommuting opti ons.1. NetflixNetflix wins all the praise from Fatherly. And should have our respect anyway given their â€Å"Unlimited Vacation† policy. Their parental leave policy is stellar; parents (mothers and fathers) can take up to a full year of paid leave. They can also change their hours around to work as much or as little as they need at different times. And they can come in and out, go full-time, part-time, etc. and keep receiving their salaries as normal. As long as you do your job at Netflix, the company trusts you and takes care of you.2. EtsySecond on Fatherly’s list is Etsy, giving its employees a gender-blind blanket 26 weeks of paid leave. You have to take the first six weeks consecutively (at the beginning, i.e. the first six months), but then you can spread the rest out over the course of two years (post birth or adoption) as needed. Their Brooklyn office also boasts dedicated parents’ rooms and a twice weekly communal meal called â€Å"Eatsy.†3. AmE xGo Platinum with AmEx’s parental leave policy. First of all, if you adopt, undergo fertility treatment, or use a surrogate, you’re eligible for $35k in medical assistance. Then, you get 20 weeks of paid paternity leave. Then an additional 20 days of subsidized backup dependent care per year. Plus, at some of their office locations, you can take advantage of â€Å"Summer Flex† and compress your work weeks to maximize weekend time off with the fam.4. SpotifyYou get 24 weeks of paid paternity leave with no restrictions on how to use it- until your kid’s third birthday. (You even get this retroactively as a new recruit if you come in with a child under three.) Their â€Å"Welcome Back† program lets your return gradually to full-time status with the added bonus of telecommuting options. And they have a Dad-centric â€Å"Focus on Fatherhood† group with activities, programming, and networking breakfasts with top execs giving advice about work/life balance.5. FacebookFacebook offers $20k in family planning benefits for fertility treatments, egg freezing, surrogacy, etc. Then 17 weeks paid leave, plus the standard 21 days of PTO and unlimited sick days, including an additional three days per year for â€Å"taking care of sick dependents.† If your kid gets the flu, take the day off, then log into Dads@Facebook (the company’s online dad space) for advice.6. TwitterTwitter is more like Netflix than Facebook, in that there is no PTO policy. Do your job well and take all the time you need otherwise. They’ve just doubled their paid paternal leave to 20 weeks. And they have great company perks, including a prep class for Dads about to go on leave to help in the transition.7. VMware, Inc.This company offers $5k to help with adoption or surrogacy ($10k lifetime limit), a $250 â€Å"Welcome Baby† gift, and 18 weeks paid paternity leave. And they have a non-accrued vacation policy to let you shape your own tim e off- as long as you’re delivering good work.8. Bank of AmericaBank of America offers a lot of support to new parents: a Welcome Kit, free financial planning, Lifecare advice and assistance, and 16 weeks paid paternity leave. You also get a 25-day backup child care allotment and a 25-day adult care allotment for when a caregiver is not available.9. PatagoniaFathers at Patagonia get 12 weeks paid leave to be used at any time before the child’s first birthday. They have a great work-life balance reputation, and are very concerned with employees and their children thriving. There are lots of ways they help a new family get set up, including FSAs and stipends.10. DeloitteYou’re eligible for paternity leave from day one of your employment, to the tune of 16 paid weeks. They offer child-care coverage and reimbursement, and employees get an average of 40 paid days off per year regardless. Managers here won’t track time off either. So do your work, and get your life in order without stress.

International Involvement Paper

International Involvement Paper Introduction During the first half of the 19th Century, America experienced no major involvement in international affairs. Most of the American expansion during this period was towards its bordering lands which were occupied and readily became part of the US. The last half of the 19th Century saw America’s expansion into possessions that were separate from the American continent. The United States was now joining a league of other countries, such as, France and Germany that were scrambling for the control of the underdeveloped world.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on International Involvement Paper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Imperialist America The period between 1890 and 1905 saw the US become an aggressive imperialist state. America engaged herself in several international affairs including her involvement with Hawaii and Samoa islands, the war with Spain and controversies over Cuba, Puerto Rico and Philippine (Brinkley, 2007: 559). Fear of dwindling natural resources was among the factors that motivated international involvement. Other drivers included the American politicians’ aggressive push for a foreign policy to address the bloody labor disputes amongst other humanitarian courses and foreign trade. Hawaii and Samoa The involvement with Hawaii is among the earliest of the American international involvement. The island of Hawaii served as a very important way station for the ships belonging to America in its trade with china. America wanted to establish a permanent base for the Navy and Pearl Harbor on the island of Oahu. The number of Americans settled in Hawaii was also increasing and by late 1880s were dominating the Hawaiian economy and politics (Brinkley, 2007:442). These events were exerting pressure on the native Hawaiians who saw Americans as wrestling power from them. American penetration into this island state started as early as 1790 when the first Americ an set foot in Hawaii. Since then, many merchants, missionaries and planter settled in Hawaii and began devastating the society. In 1887, America opened a naval base at the Pearl Harbor. By 1890, most sugar plantations in Hawaii were owned by the Americans who depended on immigrant Asian workers. The rise of a powerful Hawaiian queen into the throne in 1890 who challenged American dominance resulted in the lifting of the privilege granted to Hawaiian sugar in international trade. This action by the US greatly hurt the economy of the Hawaii islands prompting American planters in Hawaii to conclude that the only option for them was to join the US. In 1898, Hawaii was fully adopted and became part of the US. During the period beginning in 1878, America was eyeing the island of Samoa with an aim of establishing a naval base at Pago Pago harbor. America successfully convinced Samoan administration to sign a treaty that granted US permission to establish a station at Pago Pago in exchange for the American arbitration of any difference that would arise between Samoa and any other nation.Advertising Looking for assessment on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Samoa also attracted other powers who were also interested in controlling her harbors. Great Britain and Germany too secured treaties that enabled them get privileges from Samoa. After a long intrigues between the three powers, Samoa was divided between the US and Germany with the US retaining Pago Pago harbor. The Spanish-American war The war between the US and Spain arose as a result of events happening in Cuba. Cuba was under the rule of Spain and since1868 fought in a bid to attain independence. Cubans again took arms in 1895 complaining of Spanish misrule. Both the Spanish and the Cubans side and the outcomes were devastating. Spain established concentration camps where civilians were confined and died in their thousands due to malnutri tion and diseases. This time round, the conflict received much attention from the press and shocked Americans sensibilities. Cuban immigrants flocked into the US and gave strong support to a party based in New York and also supported Cuba’s bid for independence. The rise to power of President McKinley in 1897 set the war into action (Brinkley, 2007:549). McKinley strongly protested the uncivilized and inhuman conduct of the Spaniards in Cuba. Fearing reprisal, the Spaniards agreed to modify conditions in the camps and to grant Cuba semi autonomy. However, a letter written by a Spanish minister and the blowing up of an American battleship in Havana harbor ignited hostility from America (Walter, 1963:425). Though at first McKinley was reluctant to go into war, there was push by others in his administration. A declaration for war was received in April 1898 leading into the ‘splendid little war’ as john Hay, the America secretary of state called it. The war started i n April and was over in august 1898 and gave the Americans the victory. The major reason for this fast success was because the Spanish were already weakened by the Cuban resistance. Immediately war over Cuba was over, the Americans the wrestled Puerto Rico and the Philippines from the Spanish rule. Conclusion 1890s was a very significant period in the American history as she plunged herself in international affairs. This era saw America acquire several overseas colonies. It was a period of the American imperialism that initially took the form of humanitarianism intervention. It is worth noting that the purpose of this international intervention was initially unclear. America became a new voice in international affairs and her decisions were listened to by other world powers.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on International Involvement Paper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Brinkley, A. (2007). Ameri can History: A survey, 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Walter, F. (1963). The New Empire: An Interpretation of American Expansion, 1860-1898. New York: Cornell University Press.

Benjamin Franklin and his contribution to US Essay

Benjamin Franklin and his contribution to US - Essay Example He is favourably considered by many historians as a person who valued personal freedom and fought to see the wishes of the people prevail. This paper is dedicated to the analysis of the contributions of Benjamin Franklin to the country he played a role in founding. Fire was very a dangerous threat to Philadelphians therefore Benjamin Franklin created the Union Fire Company in 1736 to remedy the situation. The company became one of the first volunteer firefighting companies in the United States of America. In 1752, Benjamin created the Philadelphia Contribution for Insurance against Loss by Fire to help those who often suffered irreversible economic loss because of fire damages (Brands 83). Those who had insurance policies were lucky because they could not be wiped out financially by fire damages. In London Benjamin opposed the Stamp Act but failed to prevent its passage. Consequently, he made a political miscalculation by recommending a friend of his to the post of stamp distributor for Pennsylvania. This act annoyed the Pennsylvanians and they threatened to destroy his home in Philadelphia because they believed he had been supporting the measure that they were against all along. However, Benjamin soon realized the extent to which the colonies were resistant to the Stamp Act and gave a testimony before the House of Commons that led to its repeal as noted by Brands (56). In his testimony he said that the Americans would not pay taxes if the Stamp Act was adopted. This made Benjamin the leading American spokesman for American interests in England. He wrote famous essays on behalf of the colonies and was appointed by as an agent of many other colonies to the crown. In 1773, Benjamin wrote two essays that were his most celebrated pro American satirical writings. His essays were An Edict by the King of Prussia and Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One (Houston 312). After the return of Benjamin to Pennsylvania, in 1963, the western frontier